Manual of Rootstocks

Table of contents

This page lists the full table of contents of the printed manual.

 

Acknowledgments iii

Roster of Reviewers iii

Roster of Contributors iv

Table of Contents vi

Introduction x

Some comments on the organization of this manual xi

Alphabetical Listing of All Rootstock xii

1 History of Grafting 17

2 Choosing a Rootstock 21

3 Rootstock Abiotic Terms Explained 22

4 Originators and Developers of Rootstocks 33

5 Apples 55

5.0 History of Clonal Apple Rootstocks 55

5.1 Spur and Non- Spur type Apple 56

5.2 Major biotic factors affecting apple rootstock selection 57

5.3 Ranking the apple rootstocks by commercial use 70

5.4 Apple rootstocks height 70

5.5 Some cautions 70

5.6 Extreme Dwarf Rootstocks in the ‘M.27' height range 71

5.7 Dwarf Rootstocks in the ‘M.9' height range 76

5.8 Dwarf Between ‘M.9' and ‘M.26' 91

5.9 Dwarf in the ‘M.26' height range 96

5.10 Semi-dwarf rootstocks between ‘M.26' and ‘M.7', 103

5.11 Semi-dwarf in the ‘M.7' height range 106

5.12 Semi-dwarf between ‘M.7' and ‘M.106' 112

5.13 Semi-dwarf rootstocks in the ‘MM.106' height range 113

5.14 Vigorous rootstocks in the height range of ‘M.111' 117

5.15 Standard height-full sized trees (many very cold hardy) 123

5.16 Other Malus as rootstocks 130

5.17 Apple interstem rootstock combinations 117, 118, 119 131

5.18 Apple rootstock trials in North America 134

6 Stone Fruits except Cherry 136

6.0 Stone Fruit History 136

6.0a Almond history 1 136

6.0b Apricot history 2 136

6.0c Peach history 3 137

6.0d Plum history 4 137

6.0e The Plum family 138

6.1 Rootstock Selection Criteria for Stone Fruit 138

6.1a Almond rootstock considerations 139

6.1b Apricot rootstock considerations 139

6.1c Peach and Nectarine rootstock considerations 140

6.1d Plum rootstock considerations 141

6.2 Biotic Factors affecting Stone Fruit rootstock selection 142

6.3 Ranking Stone Fruit rootstocks by height 151

6.4 Ranking the rootstocks by wholesale nursery catalog 152

6.4a More commonly used commercial rootstocks (United States) 152

6.4b Less commonly used commercial rootstocks (United States) 153

6.5 Descriptions: More commonly used rootstocks (United States) 153

6.6 Descriptions: Less commonly used rootstocks (United States) 167

6.7 International Rootstocks by country 183

6.8 Prunus species as rootstocks 215

6.9 Ongoing North American Stone Fruit rootstock trials 218

7 Cherry 219

7.0 Cherry history 1 219

7.1 Choosing a Cherry rootstock 220

7.2 Major biotic factors that affect cherry rootstock selection 221

7.3 Cherry rootstocks height 225

7.4 Ranking the rootstocks by commercial use in Wholesale Nursery Catalogs in the United States 226

7.5 Cherry rootstock descriptions 9A (alphabetical) 226

7.6 Cherry Interstems 8 255

7.7 Some promising new Sweet Cherry rootstocks in trial 54 257

7.8 Ongoing Cherry rootstock trials in North America 258

8 European Pear, Asian Pear and Quince 260

8.0 Pear history 1, 2 260

8.1 Abiotic considerations in Pear rootstock selection 261

8.2 Major biotic factors that affect Pear rootstock selection 263

8.3 Pear rootstocks height: 271

8.4 Ranking the Pear rootstocks 271

8.5 Asian Pear 272

8.5a History 272

8.5b Asian Pear rootstock considerations 16 272

8.5c Asian Pear rootstocks descriptions (alphabetical) 273

8.6 European Pear rootstock descriptions (alphabetical) 276

8.7 Quince history 32 291

8.8 Considerations of Quince as a Pear rootstock 291

8.9 Quince rootstock descriptions (alphabetical) 292

8.10 Perry Pears 300

8.11 Pear/Quince interstem combinations 301

8.12 Amelanchier used as a Pear Rootstocks 302

8.13 Pear rootstocks in trials; 302

9 Medlar 303

9.0 Medlar history 1 303

9.1 Diseases and Pests 303

9.2 Rootstocks for Medlar (by height) 303

10 Persimmon 305

10.0 Persimmon history 1 305

10.1 Considerations in Persimmon rootstock selection 305

10.2 Major biotic factors that affect Persimmon rootstock selection 306

10.3 Persimmon rootstocks, a discussion 308

10.4 Persimmon rootstock descriptions (alphabetical) 9, 10 309

10.5 Persimmon rootstock research 311

11 Chestnut 312

11.0 Chestnut history 1 312

11.1 Abiotic factors that affect Chestnut rootstock selection 313

11.2 Major biotic factors that affect Chestnut rootstock selection 313

12 Pecan 318

12.0 Pecan history 318

12.1 Considerations in Pecan rootstock selection 318

12.2 Specific biotic factors in Pecan rootstock selection 321

12.3 Pecan rootstock vigor guide 323

12.4 An important specific Pecan rootstock consideration 323

12.5 Pecan rootstock descriptions (alphabetical) 8, 9 323

13 Walnut 330

13.0 Walnut history 1 330

13.1 Abiotic factors that affect Walnut rootstock selection 1A 331

13.2 Major biotic factors that affect Walnut rootstock selection1B 331

13.3 Walnut rootstock descriptions (alphabetical) 4B 333

Sources 338

International Nursery Catalogs 338

Cited Sources 341

Other Sources 373

Appendices 405

Apple Cultivar (Scion) Vigor Chart 405

Almond Rootstock Compatibility Chart 408

Cherry Rootstock Compatibility Chart 410

Pear Rootstock Compatibility Chart 412

Stone Fruit Rootstock Compatibility Chart 414